Autonomy A Personality Trait - 1655 Words

Autonomy The notion of personal autonomy is a characteristic that many individuals seek to find throughout their life. The term autonomy originates from the Greek words auto (self) and nomos (law) and means self-management (Senturan, Kose, Sabuncu, Ozhan, 2012). Individuals who experience the characteristic of autonomy during their lives will often have an intense desire for their personal freedom and will set moderate goals for themselves that will enhance their well-being and independence. Radel, Sarrazin, Pelletier, and Milyavskaya (2011) describe autonomy as being a basic psychological need that has the potential to represent an individual’s propensity towards a slate of self-governance as defined by their behavioral aims. An†¦show more content†¦In order to gain safety and security, persons high in autonomy will rely on themselves to secure employment for them to have shelter and other safety and comfort needs. In relation to the belongingness and love needs, a person who displays autonomous behavior will seek out groups that meet their needs in order to fill connected to others. On the other hand, a person who has low levels of autonomy may allow others to group them in ways that are untrue to that person’s being. Moreover, those with a balance of autonomy will seek out intimate relationships in order for them give and receive love. The autonomous person may join chat rooms, go to speed dating events, or just generally allow others to know that they are available to start a relationship with others. The person who has low levels of autonomy may not have enough independence or confidence to start relationships with others and they may be coerced into unhealthy relationships with others. In the esteem area of Maslow’s hierarchy, the difference between individuals high in autonomy and low in autonomy is very much recognizable. Carver Scheier (2012) claim that esteem needs involve the sense of power, appreciation from others, and mastery of goals or tasks. Humans who reach this level will want to gain respect from their peers, whether in the form of power, social status, or influence. In this area, people who experience high levels of autonomy will buildShow MoreRelatedGordon Allports Theory Of Humanistic Psychology723 Words   |  3 PagesGordon Allport (1897-1967) was one of the very first American psychologists who studied personality traits through a humanistic approach. He focused on the conscious instead of the unconscious, and that personality is guided more so by the present and future rather than the past. Allport defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine characteristics behavi or and thought (Allport, 1937). This paper will go into further detailRead Moreautonomy. A way of explaining this would be that participants may encounter problems adjusting to900 Words   |  4 Pagesautonomy. A way of explaining this would be that participants may encounter problems adjusting to adulthood through stressful or traumatic life events. The second graph identifies a set of results where age is measured against sociotropy being the independent variable. From the results it can be identified that students experience a high level of sociotropic activity very early on, possibly as a result of adjusting to social interactions with peers. Around the age of 21 there is a sharp decline inRead MoreThe Potential Relationship Between Personality And Job Performance And Finish By A Discussion On Personality Testing1429 Words   |  6 Pageshuman behaviours in terms of personality, then analyse the possible relationship between personality and job performance and finish by a discussion on personality testing in recruitments. Personality in Theory Personality refers to an individual’s characteristics, patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour, together with the psychological mechanisms – hidden or not – behind those patterns (Funder, 2004, p. 5). The existence of thousands of different personality traits has triggered the need to organiseRead MoreSelf Determination And Personality : Edward Deci And Richard Ryan Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Determination and Personality Edward Deci and Richard Ryan first developed the concept of self-determination. They thought that to truly understand human functioning and well-being, researchers must assess the agentic nature of human behavior. The main focus of the theory concerns human motivation and personality. People are often motivated by an external factor such as rewards or praise but they are also intrinsically motivated. The intrinsic motivators are not usually externally rewarded butRead MoreGordon Allport : Personality And Humanistic Psychology1632 Words   |  7 PagesGordon Allport (1897-1967) was one of the very first American psychologists who studied personality traits through a humanistic approach. He focused on the conscious instead of the unconcious, and that personality is guided more so by the present and future rather than the past. Allport defined personality as the dynamic orginizaion within the individual of thoes psychophysical systems that determine characterictics behavior and thought (Allport, 1937). This paper will go into further detail ofRead MoreThe Association Of Students Personality Traits And Satisfaction Of Basic Psychological Needs758 Words   |  4 PagesSulea, Beek, Sarbescu, Virga, and Schaufeli (2015) examined the association of students’ personality traits and satisfaction of basic psychological needs with three types of well-being – engagement, boredom, and burnout. The research also looks at whether the fulfillment of the psychological needs explains the well-being of students. The study involved a group of upper-class college students taking a voluntary questionnaire. The questionnaire asked the students to rate themselves on scales aboutRead MoreComparison of Erikson and Maslow1059 Words   |  5 Pagesof Erikson and Maslow Personality affects many aspects of life. It influences behavior and social relations. Erik Erikson is a theorist known for his stages of personality development. He explains that certain stages of development affect personality in separate ways. Abraham Maslow is a theorist known for his hierarchy of needs. He explains that fulfilling needs influences personality. This paper will discuss personality characteristics of both theories and how personality affects situational behaviorRead MoreOrganisational Citizenship Behaviour : An Organization1478 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics in the form of employee attitudes, dispositional factors and role perceptions as being contributory to OCB. These attributes include job satisfaction, organisational commitment, perceptions of fairness and leadership supportiveness, personality dimensions, role ambiguity and role conflict which could be either directly or indirectly related to OCBs. Organ and Konovsky (1983) page 763 Having studied the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB, Moorman (1993) concluded that the associationRead MoreAssertiveness As A Person Can Possess And Show Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesmany factors of personality that a person can possess and show. Each individual person is different and has varying levels of one trait or another. The trait of assertiveness will be the focus of this paper. How the trait is defined, perspectives of the trait, the trait’s origins, advantages and disadvantages to the trait and the author’s personal opinions on the trait from experience are the specific topics that will be discussed in detail on the trait of assertiveness. Trait Definition AssertivenessRead MoreWarren Edward Buffett : World s Most Successful Investor Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesthe age of 19. In 1951, Buffett enrolled at Columbia University to pursue A Masters of Science in Economics. Buffett has also been recognized as one of the great thinkers in the world. His contributions to philanthropy can be attributed to his personality, not so common in many people of his caliber. In this respect, Buffett has severally written of his belief that his children will never inherit a substantial amount of his wealth and he would give them just sufficient to feel doing anything, but

Mental Health For All By Involving All - 1051 Words

Mental illness is a broad spectrum of many diseases, from autism to depression and dementia. One in four people suffer from mental illness, and more often than not, those affected with mental illness are not treated. It is not an illness you can see or touch, but an illness in the mind, and today s society does not see it as an issue worth discussing. Imagine if you suffered from a mental illness and were not able to receive the help you needed to have a good quality of life. In developing countries, this is not just imagination, however but a harsh reality. They will statically unhealthier and will live shorter lives compared to those who do not suffer from any form of mental illness. (Transcript of Mental health for all by involving all) Dr. Vikram Patel, a Psychiatrist and Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropic Medicine, has a plan to change all that. Patel s idea is to train individuals in developing countries to be able to perform basic psychological treatment to those affected in rural or developing areas. To begin a way to get proper mental health care treatment to other areas, Patel has established a plan of action to get that care to certain individuals by receiving it from people they trust, their very own neighbors. This type of health care system has been around for centuries in different ways. The Native Americans had the Medicine Man, and the Europeans had the mid-wife. If a person can be trained to help deliver the gift ofShow MoreRelatedStricter Laws on Gun Holding Permits780 Words   |  3 PagesStrengthening laws that we already have implemented in the mental health community, and imposing stricter laws holding gun safety violators accountable can be an acceptable solution to an already difficult problem. A mentally ill individual is prohibited from purchasing a gun as long as the courts determine that they are mentally unfit. This is due to the gun control act of 1968. The problem is that many states are slow to send the mental health records to the national instant background check createdRead MorePsychology and Religion1229 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween and the practices involving psychology and religion in order to uphold the ethics code. There is a sensitivity level that must be exhibited by psychology professionals that practice traditional psychology in order to make clients feel comfortable and secure in the treatment setting. In addition, this essay explains the use of religion in non-traditional psychology and the professional manner according to the ethics code in which using non-traditional approaches involving religion should be usedRead MorePresident Obama s Gun Control Plan949 Words   |  4 Pageseach day involving the use of a gun or firearm? It has come to the time when our country really needs a change to keep our children safe and to prevent violent acts involving guns at a minimum. To accomplish this goal President Obama has constructed a plan to reduce gun violence and that plan includes requiring criminal background checks on all gun purchases, illegalizing military style assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, making our schools safer and increasing access to mental health servicesRead MoreClinical Nurse Leader Role in Psychiatric Department Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesa variety of health care resources (AACN, 2005). The CNL’s purpose is to aid in various departments of the health care system including the psychiatric department. Although there is continuous tension between medical care and psychiatric care and choosing which is more important for a patient, the Clinical Nurse Leader is intended to bridge the gap between the two. The goal in creating the position of Clinical Nurse Leader in inpatient psychiatric facilities is to reorient the health care systemRead MoreSmartphone Apps Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesSmartphone Apps: A New Era of Health Care In this current generation based on technology, there is a rapid growth in the use of smartphones, which has opened a new world of opportunities for use in behavioral health care. As of 2017, over forty-five million adults suffer from mental illnesses in the United States (â€Å"Data on Behavioral Health†). Health-based smartphone applications have become available for tracking treatment progress, psychoeducation, symptom assessment, and resource location. TheRead MoreMental Health Promotion, Prevention, And Intervention For Children And Youth1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe article I chose to review is Research Opportunities in the Area of Mental Health Promotion, Prevention, and Intervention for Children and Youth. I first found this article through AJOT and I realized I had been given this issue through a family friend, so I referred to it from then on. This AJOT issue was from September/October of 2014. After reading through the article, I realized that there was an additio nal article with further information. There was a systematic review that occurred beforeRead MorePsychology and Its Importance1295 Words   |  6 Pagestheoretical, educational and applied science connecting the scientific study of mental operations and behavior or performance. Psychology also refers to the application or usage of understanding, knowledge and skills to a number of areas of human activity, involving issues concerning withdaily activities such as education, events, people and their task, employment, association, relationship as well as the treatment of mental-health problems. Psychology also involves various sub-areas of study related toRead MoreSmartphone Apps Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesSmartphone Apps: A New Era of Health Care In this current generation based on technology, there is a rapid growth in the use of smartphones, which has opened a new world of opportunities for use in behavioral health care. As of 2017, over forty-five million adults suffer from mental illnesses in the United States (â€Å"Data on Behavioral Health†). Health-based smartphone applications have become available for tracking treatment progress, psychoeducation, symptom assessment, and resource location. ConsequentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Saratoga County No Longer Has Safe, Stigma Free Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesstigma-free, places for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) to spend their days. SPMI individuals need somewhere to go where they can feel safe and can interaction with others. In the past SPMI Individuals in Saratoga County had the options of attending day treatment, going to a drop-in center called The Social Club, or spending the day being productive in a sheltered workshop environment . Over the past few years all of these options have been removed. First, The Social ClubRead MoreSafeguarding Assessment Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesalso help me evaluate and analyse 2’s current safeguarding opportunities such as Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) involvement and balance the safeguarding concerns of a vulnerable adult with the probability of the risks around 2 deteriorating in his mental health. It was agreed by all that a referral must be made to another agency to assess the safeguarding concerns around 2. By doing such we were all, as a multi-disciplinary agency, complying with expectations of Part 7 of the Social Service

Single Parenting Stigma Free Essays

Single-Parenting Families: Attached Stigmas The social deviance that interests me is single parenting, one who chose to have a child out of wed-lock. The stigma attached to being a single parent is rising anew. Many media commentators blame America’s uptrend in violence and other social problems on family breakdown – on single parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Parenting Stigma or any similar topic only for you Order Now This stigma is based on myths and stereotypes that have been promoted by half-truths and, often, by prejudiced viewpoints. Many in our society still regard single parenthood as a unwelcome status. I as a single parent myself, I am often admired, but at the same time looked upon with pity, disgust, sympathy, and perhaps with uneasiness. In defense of single parent families I would argue to de-stigmatized single motherhood by society, in which the shifting of family type in single parent household is now normal and acceptable. One obvious identity is I am a woman and my hidden identities are I am a mother, unmarried, and parenting alone. A complex of set social and cultural stigma perceived as making a selfish or misguided decision to have a child and raise it on my own as a unmarried single mother. Growing up I was told by my parents the unwed mothers were bad girls who make mistakes and gotten pregnant, whom family, friends, and the community shamed and reject. There is a clear cultural, moral, and religious message of stigma. In my parents generation, it would highly scandalous of a single woman raising a child alone and never married. In those days it was expected for the man to do the honorable thing, and marry the woman who is carrying his child. It did not matter whether he love her or not, having a child out of wedlock is unacceptable and the child would be considered a bastard( child born to unmarried parents). I am a single parent. I never planned on being a single parent. Few do. I grew up with an ideal of parenting as something I would do with a husband, within a marriage. Choosing to parent alone was simply not a option in my household growing up. Unwed pregnancy was to be avoided at all costs! Divorce with children was quickly remedied with remarriage. The honored and supported single mothers without stigma is through the death of a husband is a widow. Today, nearly one-third of American families with children under the age eighteen are in single-parent families, and this has double the number less than two decades ago. Separation and divorce creates most single parent families, that accounts for twice as many single parent families (60%) as failure to marry (30 %), while the death of a parent creates less than (7 %) of such families. Single parent families are raised by single mothers are becoming the majority family type culturally in United States. However, there is still a powerful negative images associated with Black single mothers and rarely does the dominant culture identify individuals, but instead stigmatized the entire class of Black mothers. Many presume the color of the typical welfare recipient is a Black mother and that is not entirely true, but Black mothers are disproportionately represented. I personally can not explain why single parent never been married families are far more prevalent in the Black communities than in the White communities. Marriage is the most common for all women and for most women the only way out of poverty. For Black women, however the economic gain of marriage is often few and far between due to the poor economic opportunities of Black men. Although, I am a single mother raising three sons. My children have not and will not suffer from the outcome of poverty, simple because I am a single parent. I am not poor. I am gainfully employed and I own my own home for the last fifteen years. There is a strong stigma attached to single mothers households are living below the poverty line. What are the critics saying about the single mothers? Stigmatizing the single parent families as part of the underclass, broken, and deviant. Their children are mostly to have emotional or behavioral problems. To have children out of wedlock, are more likely to have trouble in school, and likely to commit crimes. Therefore, because I chose to raise my children alone†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦society blames me for the decline in social order. The two parent families is still compared as the traditional family formation and contribute to a healthy and successful society. I recently saw on TV an interview with Ann Coulter on the talk show The View †¦. she blames many of society’s problems on single moms. She goes on to say that our jails are filled with the offspring of single moms. To accuse single moms of being responsible for all society’s problems is absolutely crazy. There are many reasons relationships end, and when there are kids involved usually the bulk – if not all – of the responsibility of raising the kids is assumed by the mom. We single moms should be applauded and not attacked for this. Sure, there are some women that decide to have a baby on their own with no man in the picture, but can you blame them? It is hard to find a decent man who also wants to raise a family. Even when you do there are no guarantees he will stick around for the long haul. Nevertheless, single fathers have biological link or legal status as a non-custodial parent. What that actually means is they are expected to pay child support for their children, but rarely do they have sole or joint custody of their children. Some men have this immature concept of fathering that expects men to separate from their children and their responsibility, if they do not maintain a connection to the children’s mother. There is a layer of stigma that is laid upon Black single mothers complete with highly fertile capacity( having many babies), being lazy and shiftless, and being in a relationship with uncaring and equally lazy black man. In which he is not willing to work, will not marry her, and will not support his family. This stereotype does not fit all single African American mothers and fathers. Unfortunately, those are the views of the dominant culture in our society of unwed African American single mothers. There are confronting stigmas and myths of single parenting as society continues to view that stigma as appropriate and justified. The first, single-parent families are poor and single parenting causes poverty and social problems. Second, single-parent families are physiologically unhealthy. Third, single-parent families are immoral. The religious standpoint the families are sinful because they lack the blessing and validation of marriage through the church. Finally, there is a underlying undertone of stigma attached to race and gender beliefs that further support the badge of social scorn and economic hardships. What I know about single mothers is far different from the myths that are circulating in society, resulting in powerful stigmatizing. The truth and reality is many single mother are raising their children very successful alone, including myself. Parenting is the hardest job, that one will ever have. However, single parenting is even harder, but not impossible to be successful in providing for your family. Society must look at the parent and not the circumstances that lead to their being a single mom or dad. The first priority and full responsibility is towards the child, put the child first in every and all decisions. My personal story is I have always been there for my three sons and it is my job to take care of them, until they can take care of themselves. I have raised boys to men and at the sometime to be gentleman. In my household it is filled with love and support. Education was always instilled and valued in my home. My sons are very intelligent, respectful, good human beings and all because I took full responsibility for them and I took parenting very seriously. I can argue strongly that children need love, discipline, structured, boundaries, and guidance. Children who lack these exposures will perhaps become menace to society, but not from living in a single parent household. Two parent families can be dysfunctional, don’t place the blame solely on single parent families. The house with white picket fence is only a disguise, one can only guess what is truly going on behind closed doors. For the love that I had for my son’s father and yes, they have the same dad (a myth that African American single mothers children have different fathers). We drifted apart and we decided to separate and I focus on being a mom. In neither case was it my choice to be a SINGLE mom; my choice was to just be a MOM. Sorry to report that single mom bashing is nothing new. And, the â€Å"double standard† is nothing new, either. Single dad who pays his child support and see his kids on a regular basis is a hero! Single moms, on the other hand, seem to be held to nearly impossible standards. I can only suggest what has worked for me. I hold my head high, keep my decisions grounded in what’s best for my sons , and ignore the small minded people. My sons are my blessings, they are beautiful, and I am very proud to be their mother. Being a single mom presents additional and unique challenges and experiences. I feel I can conquer the world, because being a mom is the toughest job there is. Life is never boring! These myths and stigmas can be confronted successfully and new strength can be found in the truth. As with so many aspects of single parenting, myself and other mothers rise to the challenge and become better people because of it. The myths are sometimes subtle and subconscious, but the more we examine them, the more clearly we take responsibility for our lives and the lives of our children. My deepest love and appreciation goes to my sons, who have taught me more than they will ever know. I love you†¦.. higher than the moon, wider than the sky. How to cite Single Parenting Stigma, Papers

Potential Employment Developed and Demonstrated

Questions: 1. Three key strengths, related to potential employment options, with examples of how you have developed and demonstrated these. 2. An area/skill, related to potential employment options, which you need to develop, together with a realistic action plan for overcoming your area for development 3. Your work values and how they may impact on your career choices. 4. A significant achievement of yours, which demonstrates your drive, energy and motivation to achieve a goal. 5. An example of a time when you have worked in a team to achieve a task 6. Situation where you have worked or dealt successfully with a difficult person. Consider how you managed your emotions, recognised their point of view and achieved a positive solution. 7. Identify suitable career options having reflected on your strengths, values, and ability to relate to others. 8. Identify the next steps to prepare for your career options. Answers: 1. Three key strengths of potential employment option with examples of demonstration and development As per my self-evaluation of characteristics, I have identified the three strengths of mine that are communicative, energetic and team performer. Being a student of business management, I need to be communicative in nature for communicating with my lecturer and classmates, which helps me in being updated regarding my academic activities. When it comes to the energetic attributes, I have developed this strength by participating to every possible academic event. On the other hand, I need to develop my projects being a team. Therefore, I have the ability to achieve a set of objectives by performing as a team. Strengths of mine are helpful for being a successful performer for an organization. 2. Skills related to potential employment option, which needs development for overcoming issues regarding self-development The above-mentioned skills, which I have, are not enough to achieve personal objectives to be successful. In my case, I think I need to develop my skills regarding learning new things and adopting innovative technologies frequently. As I am not technically skilled, it can hamper my future development process. Therefore, it is important to make an effective action plan for developing my learning ability regarding technological aspects. The action plan needs to be time specific and realistic. In this technological era, every organization is relying on the technological aspects for growing their business profitability. Being technologically weak in this situation is the major drawback, which needs improvement within at least six months. It will help me to improve my overall skill for being the best fit for any kind of organization. 3. Impact of work values on career choice After an effective self-evaluation process, I have identified that I can be creative while performing for a set of objectives. Moreover, I maintain the ethical consideration while performing as a team. These kinds of practices help me in implementing a communicative approach, which helps in adopting innovative ideas while performing. Adopting innovative process for achieving a set of objectives allow me to be creative at decision-making. On the other hand, it will also help me in choosing relevant career option to be successful in professional and personal life as well. It is highly important to choose appropriate direction for developing own career. Therefore, being appropriate in decision-making process is a necessary factor, which needs creativity at some point of time. 4. Significant achievement Recently, I have completed my assignment of business management with my team members and my goal was to get high academic marks. In that assignment, my role was to gather every possible data regarding the assignment and analyzing those data for getting outcome. I have implemented innovative process for getting authentic data regarding the assignment and analyzed the data accordingly. Apart from that, I have achieved the entire objectives of the assignment within the given deadline. I have also communicated with the other team members for reducing conflict between the team members. Upon completion of the assignment, I received 80% grade, which lived to my expectation. 5. Example of teamwork conducted In my group assignment, I was worked with my team member for completing the assignment as per the requirements. In this assignment, I has contributed my knowledge and collaborated with my team members for improving quality of my assignment. Apart from that, it also helps me in gaining knowledge from the other team members while performing for the assignment. It was my final year assignment and we were very serious when collecting relevant data for the assignment. All my team members were academically strong and contributed best of their effort for completing the assignment. While performing for that assignment, I learned that building strong communication within the team is highly important for achieving a set of objectives. 6. Managing emotion while working with a difficult person While conducting the assignment of my final year, I have cooperated with my assessor for cross verifying my assignment. In professional life, my assessor never tolerates a weak presentation for any assignment. It was important for me to cross verify my assignment on the time of conducting the project. Therefore, it was difficult to face my assessor during the rectification period. However, I try to control my emotion while communicating with my assessor and try to take the positive comments of him as complements. It helps me to complete the assignment by meeting all the possible requirements, which helps in getting expected outcome. 7. Identifying suitable career options After identifying my strengths, I have realized that business analyst will be the best career option for me. In this particular career option, I will be able to explore my knowledge for improving business performance of an organization. As my strengths are communication, energetic nature and team performer, it will be good for me to communicate with the internal and external stakeholders of an organization for increasing their collaboration while performing. Moreover, it is highly important to consider the ethical aspects when performing as a business analyst. Conducting fair business in competitive market is highly important for avoiding legal consequences. Being a business analyst, I have to perform with my team members in initial stage of my career. However, in future, my focus is to perform as a team leader for managing a group of people. 8. Identifying next step for preparing career option My next step for the career option will be preparing myself for getting fit under any type of organizational culture. In this phase, I will go for a professional training, which will defiantly improve my communication skill even better. I think communication is the key to success and therefore, I am very concerned regarding this factor. Apart from that, I will also go for a professional training program, which allows me to understand different business situation. Furthermore, I want to flourish my entire academic knowledge during the time of taking professional training of communication and business analysis. It will help me to achieve my career objectives according to my expectation.

LSD Essays (1755 words) - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Mind Control

LSD Despite the negative portrayal in mainstream 1960s media, justifications expressed by counterculture activists for further investigation, education and experimentation under government control of LSD were rational and valid arguments. Sex, drugs, protests, war, political upheaval, cultural chaos, and social rebellion; the many comforts TV dinner eating, republican voting, church going, suburbia conformists tried to escape through conservative ideals, town meetings, and The Andy Williams Family Hour. National consciousness in 1960s United States was alive, but existed differently in every mind it dwelled, and stirred uninterrupted in every life to which it was introduced. A dream of money, success, and a house with a white picket fence still existed within the pandemonium of the nation and many still relished in the idea of "Americanism." Television was a base for a magnitude of world news and national information. Television situation comedies created ideal families and contenting distractions from unsettling national realities. Mainstream media, both fact and fiction, influenced the nation's minds resulting in the effect of political change and further media influence over the government. The new decade, along with the effects of the Vietnam War and the strong influence of television, began to leak from the cracks of the nation a new counterculture of rebellious teenagers, unfamiliar narcotics, and a wave of promiscuity. Among the many issues and events molding our nation into a new decade, came the question of government and mind control. For some it was the next step into human evolution, a potential tool for mind control, a liberator of human kind, but for most LSD helped define 1960s counterculture, in which it was deeply rooted. LSD has proved that the mind contains much higher powers and energies, beyond the average10% of the brain that a typical human uses. These powers and energies, under the right circumstances, can be taken advantage of to benefit human kind spiritually, creatively, therapeutically, and intellectually. LSD has given human kind the option to chemically trigger mental energies and powers. Arguments that LSD is potentially a dangerous discovery and mind control should be strictly prohibited by the government holds much validity, although there are benefits and arguments of personal freedom of neurology to consider. Whether LSD reflects negativity as a weapon and mind control drug, or radiates euphoria as a mind-expanding chemical and sacrament, the choice to engage in such an experience should be through personal reasoning. It is not the states and other bureaucracies' duties to take control of the human brain and body. We no longer live in an age of industrial muscularity, and in this time of neurological intelligence, we should have the individual choice and freedom to further engage in the depths of our consciousness, if we are so graced with an option to do so. "No one can limit, restrict, or try to control how you access, activate, manipulate your own brain through the use of drugs." Temperance, moderation, and education should be applied to the use of mind control, but not restricting personal freedoms of neurology. Dr. Timothy Leary agrees: It's ludicrous and ominous to think that the government will try to limit, restrain, control where you're going to put your head, and how you're going to manage and direct your own neurology. That's the basis of your own freedom. Now, as far as behavior is concerned, if what you do in your head leads you to violate any behavioral law, a traffic law, or impose on the rights of the people?then you should be busted. But in the privacy of your own home, your own body, and your own brain, that's your business. Likewise, other individual freedoms justifying further investigation, education, and experimentation of LSD under moderate government control are questioned. The freedoms of spirituality and creativity are, similar to neurological freedom, issues in result of the use of psychedelic drugs. Spiritually, psychedelic drugs, are sacraments: divine substances no matter who uses them, in whatever sprit, with whatever intention. LSD, along with other drugs generates spiritual discovery and perception. Creatively, LSD has extreme potential; it is "a tool to explore the creative attributes of the mind." Dr. Oscar Janigar states, continuing that this tool could equal to "four years of art education." The further appreciation of the power of human thought, and the exploration of the boundaries of the human mind, LSD provokes, is extremely beneficial in freeing ones mind and taking full advantage of the powers in which the mind possesses. Within these powers LSD evokes is the capacity to resolve, therapeutically, personal emotional conflict. Although LSD, as previously proven, has its benefits it has yet to rise

Free Essays on Character

The Character’s Struggle†¦ Tolstoy’s â€Å"Death of Ivan Illich† and Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† are two fictional stories that describe man’s behavior when faced with the final act of life; the death. On the surface, the main characters in those two stories are quite different, as their death approaches however, they become more and more alike. Tolstoy’s Ivan Illich is an educated man who lives his live obeiding by all the written and unwritten rules. He likes the status quo and his happiness comes from conforming to what is publicly thought of as the right way to live. He acts as a decent person because it makes him happy when others say he is a decent man. Even his decision to marry was based on following the rules rather then the love for one another. According to Tolstoy, â€Å"Ivan Illich’s life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible. He had been a member of the Court of Justice and died at the age of forty-five.† The Yukon man, in London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† is a simple individual who finds himself in an unfamiliar territory. He is walking back to the camp after a trek in to the wilderness to examine the poss ibilities for logging. Unfamiliar with the area, the man is accompanied by a dog. By verbalizing the dog’s instincts, Jack London demonstrates the man’s lack of experience in Yukon. Instincts that tell the dog it is too cold to travel and learned behavior that make the dog wander why is his master not building a fire when is this cold. The Yukon man was warned about such escapades but he chose to ignore it. At last, all that could go wrong went wrong, and though he carefully avoided stepping in one of the hot springs hidden under the thin layer of snow and ice he stepped in one and got wet. Unlike Ivan Illich, the Yukon man goes from a self-confidant man with little regard for cold, to someone accepting his death in the matter of hours. Ivan Illich, on th... Free Essays on Character Free Essays on Character The Character’s Struggle†¦ Tolstoy’s â€Å"Death of Ivan Illich† and Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† are two fictional stories that describe man’s behavior when faced with the final act of life; the death. On the surface, the main characters in those two stories are quite different, as their death approaches however, they become more and more alike. Tolstoy’s Ivan Illich is an educated man who lives his live obeiding by all the written and unwritten rules. He likes the status quo and his happiness comes from conforming to what is publicly thought of as the right way to live. He acts as a decent person because it makes him happy when others say he is a decent man. Even his decision to marry was based on following the rules rather then the love for one another. According to Tolstoy, â€Å"Ivan Illich’s life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible. He had been a member of the Court of Justice and died at the age of forty-five.† The Yukon man, in London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† is a simple individual who finds himself in an unfamiliar territory. He is walking back to the camp after a trek in to the wilderness to examine the poss ibilities for logging. Unfamiliar with the area, the man is accompanied by a dog. By verbalizing the dog’s instincts, Jack London demonstrates the man’s lack of experience in Yukon. Instincts that tell the dog it is too cold to travel and learned behavior that make the dog wander why is his master not building a fire when is this cold. The Yukon man was warned about such escapades but he chose to ignore it. At last, all that could go wrong went wrong, and though he carefully avoided stepping in one of the hot springs hidden under the thin layer of snow and ice he stepped in one and got wet. Unlike Ivan Illich, the Yukon man goes from a self-confidant man with little regard for cold, to someone accepting his death in the matter of hours. Ivan Illich, on th...

Create and Interpret a table that compare the prevalence of Diabetes Essay

Create and Interpret a table that compare the prevalence of Diabetes in the US(age 18+ age adjusted Males and Females) Mountain and pacific regions from 2000-2012 - Essay Example The trend indicates that there is prevalent decrease in diabetes over the years from 2002 to 2012. The overall rudimentary prevalence was similar for males (Attaining 24.9 percent in 2012) and females (Attaining 17.6 percent in 2012) (National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases 65). Trends across the different regions in America show similarity in rudimentary prevalence for males and females in the two regions under study. The pacific region shows even a lower level of diabetes prevalence throughout the years and across the sexes. Generally, the rates decreased from 36.9 percent between 2002 and 2004, to 27.1 percent by the close of 2012. A notable aspect between the mountain region and the pacific region is that fewer males get diabetic in the pacific region as compared to the mountain region. However, the pacific region still indicates a decrease in the trend across the years for the two sexes. Murphy, Sherry., Xu, Jiaquan and Kochanek, Kenneth. Division of Vital Statistics CDC/NCHS, Deaths: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 2012. Accessed September 18, 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet, 2005. Bethesda, MD, U.S: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health,

Marketing of Petro-Chemicals in a Global Economy Term Paper

Marketing of Petro-Chemicals in a Global Economy - Term Paper Example Food and water supply, transport, and mobility services require energy input. Fossil fuels are predominant in our current energy system, providing low-cost and reliable energy services. Renewable resources are used as well, especially hydropower and wind power, but also biomass resources in developing countries.† Consequently, the U.S. Department of Energy stated that a major percentage of its oil use is benefitted by the industrialized world. The petrochemical product needs are expected to occur in the transportation sector. The transportation sector has few economically competitive alternatives to oil as a source of major energy. In the developing world, the demand for petrochemical products, especially crude oil demand, forecasted to rise to unprecedented levels by all energy using sectors. The increasing need is apparent as emerging economies are rerouted from noncommercial fuels, which includes wood for home cooking and home heating, to diesel generators. In addition, Edin ger (43) reiterated several academic researches indicate the global energy demand is forecasted to heighten significantly during the next decades to come. The United States Department of Energy wrote a reliable report that the International Energy Outlook 2001 where the projected worldwide energy use will reach as much as overshooting the 600 quadrillion Btu in 2020. The reliable forecast was revised to a lower figure from its original 1998 energy projection because of the economic crises in Asia which began in 1997 as well as the declining Russian economy. The unavoidable devaluation of the Russian money, ruble, and the collapse of the Russian finance sector precipitated to the declining Russian economy. There were new petrochemical producing nations that had been set up to the local communities’ need for energy. The countries produce petrochemical products to fill the continuing and increasing energy demands of factories, homes, and other customers. Thailand is one of the c ountries producing petrochemical products prioritizing filling the local petrochemical needs. Malaysia is another new country generating petrochemical products to supply the local petrochemical needs. Indonesia is a third nation producing petrochemical goods to supply the domestic petrochemical market. A fourth country, China, discovered petrochemical products to fill the oil-related needs of its homes, and local industries. With the new country competitors in the global petrochemical market, the prior competitors, United Sates, Europe, and Japan, realized a significant decline in the demand for petrochemical products in the global market place. Consequently, the three original petrochemical product producers had to contend with a lower 37 percent demand for their combined petrochemical products Edinger (43). Petrochemical products come from fossil fuels. Crude oil is a fossil fuel. Natural gas liquids are another group of fossil fuels. Coal is a very popular fossil fuel. Natural ga s is another very salable fossil fuel. These fossil fuel products are used as a major source of energy, especially electricity needs of the homes, offices, and other places. There is an increasing demand for petrochemical products. As the population grows, the demand for the petrochemical products grows. During the 2010 accounting year, there need for petrochemical products an estimated 430 quadrillion British Thermal Gas units

Reviving the Milking Devon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reviving the Milking Devon - Essay Example The embryo is a potential organism in that it has the ability of developing into the biological structures and functions needed to generate consciousness and mental life characteristic of that organism (Flynn & Dawkins 635). The frozen embryo must first be thawed. The embryos are removed from their storage canisters and are exposed to room temperature. Cryoprotectant is removed and is replaced with water, but the process should be done carefully to prevent it from bursting. The embryos are the brought to room temperature and transferred, or they may be cultured to multiply before they are transferred. Survival of embryos to the thawing process depends on their quality before freezing, effectiveness of freezing and thawing procedures. After thawing, embryos are evaluated for viability. Some may not be viable due to lack of surviving cells while others may be partial survivors with some cell injury. The damage may not prevent the embryos from resulting into live birth because it was al ready proved that even damaged embryos in the process of freezing and thawing are capable of causing pregnancy (Wassarman & Soriano 38). The best embryos are those that, after freezing and thawing, they survive a hundred percent with all parts of their cells intact, but very few embryos tend to fall in this category. Embryos are checked for the presence of abnormal chromosomes, or problems with genetic coding, which may cause, genetic diseases or miscarriage, and gender of the inborn by carrying out preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (Shermer 365). This involves surgically removing one or two blastomeres from a six or eight cell embryo usually on the third day after thawing. Note that removing a cell at this time does not harm the embryo. The embryos are incubated for a day after thawing until they reach the cleaved stage, and then they are transferred into the uterus of another cow. Since all dairy cattle are dead, any cow including the beef cattle may be used. This process should b e done on the second day after ovulation of the surrogate cow. The cow becomes pregnant and delivers Milking Devon calf. Consequently, Milking Devon can also be revived through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. The DNA is extracted from nucleus of frozen embryo. The DNA is then reassembled using the genome of any cattle available. Extract the eggs from the ovary of any cow; remove its genetic material from their nuclei and replace them with the genetic material from the extinct Milking Devon. Fuse the nuclei with eggs of the surrogate cow and initiate cell division by treating them with chemicals or shocking them with electric current (Flynn & Dawkins 635). When the embryos have grown to two hundred cells in size, transfer them into the uterus of the surrogate cow. The surrogate cow will become pregnant and deliver the extinct Milking Devon. The frozen Milking Devon sperm can also be used to produce a cross a breed with characteristics similar to those of the original Milkin g Devon (Perry 347). Obtain the mature unfertilized eggs from the surrogate cow and store them in BSS at room temperature. Remove the BSS from the unfertilized egg and mix them with the thawed sperms. Then incubate the mixture of sperms and eggs in appropriate temperature for around fifteen minutes. Sort out the fertilized and unfertilized eggs; unfertilized eggs are incubated with sperms again to ensure that many of them are fertilized.

Music Essays English Music Hall

Music Essays English Music Hall A Short History of the English Music Hall. The term ‘Music Hall’ is used to refer to a venue, or to a form of entertainment taking place at that venue, typically featuring a number of miscellaneous acts, possibly including musical turns, comedy and acrobatics, in a relatively formalised programme. It is also often termed ‘variety’. This essay considers the early roots of Music Hall, its growth in the late 19th century, and its subsequent loss of popularity in the face of competition from other media in the 20th century. Taken into account are the socio-economic environment and also the development of musical styles within the Music Hall context. It will be shown that the influence of Music Hall is still widespread in popular culture today. Background Music Hall developed from a range of entertainments, some of which had been part of English culture for centuries. Broadsides first appeared in the 1500s (Gammond 1991: 82): they were an early equivalent of the newspaper. News stories and satire were printed in verse form with the instructions ‘To the tune of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, with the intention that the text should be sung to a well-known musical theme, typically a folk-ballad. The music itself was rarely printed, and so broadsides relied on the tradition of passing tunes on orally. In later broadsides, tunes were often popular songs from plays, with the intention of promoting shows in return for sponsorship – an early form of advertising revenue. The ballad was engrained in culture, but the demand and resources of the populus were not yet sufficient to support the growth of a performance industry. Also influential were the many fairs which were trading and entertainment events. In his diary, Samuel Pepys mentions attending Bartholomew Fair in 1661 and â€Å"seeing the monkeys dance† (Pepys 1661), and a number of Music Halls in the late 19th century featured animal acts (Gillies 1999: 31). One-man shows, such as those offered by Charles Dibdin (1745-1814), show elements of entertainment that were later developed in Music Halls. Dibdin can be seen as a key link between earlier folk-art traditions and the increasingly commercialised musical world of the 19th century (Gammond 1991: 153-5). He was a prolific song-writer, who had considerable success with light operas and by selling rights to his songs. These were the early days of copyright law, which developed in the late 19th century firstly to grant exclusivity of performance rights to singers and subsequently to effect a royalties system for composers. Two types of venue preceded Music Halls and had a particular influence on them: taverns and song-and-supper rooms. In taverns, a working-class clientele participated in singing along with their drinking. In song-and-supper rooms, the middle-class man-about-town (no women were admitted) could enjoy a meal while singers entertained. Song-and-supper rooms typically opened around midnight, and entertainment could be bawdy. Some of the early stars of Music Hall began their careers in taverns and song-and-supper rooms. Sam Cowell (1820-1864) is an example, and can be considered one of the first professional singer-songwriters. By 1850, he was earning a good living from the song-and-supper rooms, but had begun his career as an actor and had also performed in opera. In ‘Villikins and his Dinah’, regularly performed by Cowell, we see characteristics that were to become widespread in Music Hall songs, in particular the use of ‘commentary’ between sections of the song to increase its drama. Thus prior to verse 8, where the ghosts of Villikins and Dinah appear to Dinah’s father, the performer sets the scene: â€Å"Now this is the superlatively supernatural wisitation [sic] which appeared to the parient [sic] at midnight after the disease of his only progeny.† (Davison 1971: 23) The affectations in the language and pronunciation suggest the creation of the narrator as a character in his own right, and characterisation is another important element of the Music Hall song, as will be seen shortly. The growth of Music Hall was dependent on an audience able to pay for it, and with an interest in what it had to offer. The growth of a potential market is evident by the mid-19th century, when a number of Music Halls were opened (Sadie 1980: XII/832). In the mid-1840s, Evans’, a former song-and-supper room was reopened as a Music Hall. In 1849, Charles Morton, a pioneer of Music Hall, took over the Canterbury Arms in Lambeth and developed it as a venue. He enlarged it in 1856, and in 1861 opened the Oxford Music Hall in Oxford Street (Sadie 1980: XII/832). This idea of having a chain of venues gained ground in the latter part of the century. Early Developments 1850-1870 The 1850s and 60s can be considered as a first phase of Music Hall. Programmes were varied, with classical and popular music appearing on the same bill. Extracts from Gounod’s opera Faust (1859) performed in Music Halls provided the first hearings of the work for English audiences. A number of early Music Hall songs use old musical themes with new texts: for example, ‘Sam Hall’ can be traced back to a ballad about Captain Kidd. Harry Clifton’s ‘Polly Perkins of Paddington Green’ (1863) uses what appears to be a folk-tune (possibly ‘Nightingales Sing’), but its lyrics possess a humour not seen in folk music: Polly doesn’t marry a ‘Wicount’ or a ‘Nearl’, but in the punchline of the song, weds a â€Å"bow-legged Conductor of a twopenny bus† (Gammond 1991: 411). The same tune is used for another well-known Music Hall song, ‘Cushie Butterfield’, which was particularly popular in the Newcastle area. Tyneside had its own strong Music Hall tradition, giving rise to songs such as ‘The Blaydon Races’ and ‘Keep Your Feet Still Geordie Hinney’ and all three songs display a similar humour to ‘Polly Perkins’. The lyrics draw on local diale ct – Cushie is â€Å"a young lass in Gyetsid [Gateshead]† who â€Å"likes hor beor [her beer]† (Davison 1971: 31). With ‘Champagne Charlie’ (1868), the development of the character song is evident. Performed and co-written by George Leybourne, the Champagne Charlie character is described as a ‘swell’: a well-to-do man-about-town with a taste for Moà «t. Unlike ‘Villikins’, the text is in the first person, Leybourne becoming the Champagne Charlie character in performance. The song is perhaps the first advertising jingle, and was used to promote Moà «t, with Leybourne rumoured to partial to the drink (he died prematurely of alcoholism). His salary at this time was around  £30 a week – certainly adequate to indulge in the Champagne Charlie lifestyle. However, the character was an act: Leybourne was not a ‘toff’, but a former mechanic who remained illiterate and spoke with a strong Black Country accent (Gammond 1991: 334) Concern was growing over the activities in Music Halls. Articles in The Tomahawk focus on the quality of the entertainment: it had been suggested that the Music Hall would â€Å"exercise a beneficial influence over the progress of music amongst the lower classes† but â€Å"Music Hall†¦is mischievous to the art which it pretends to uphold† (Anon 1867).   At the time, improvement of the working classes through access to the arts was promoted among some thinkers. Two years later, Music Halls are criticised for being dens of vice: â€Å"I am positively assured†¦that on certain recognised nights loose women are admitted to these places without payment.† (Greenwood 1869). The often poor reputation of the Music Halls contributed to later attempts by the authorities to regulate their activities. Heyday 1870-1900 The development of Music Halls should be seen in context of wider developments in the social and economic environment of Victorian England. Following the Industrial Revolution, workers migrated from rural communities to cities, and this pattern accelerated in the 1870s. By the mid-1880s, around half the population of London had been born elsewhere (Harris 1994: 42-3). Simultaneously, leisure time increased. In the late 1860s, a half-day holiday was introduced on a Saturday, and in the 1870s, the 9-hour working day was introduced (Harris 1994: 139). Leisure time became a larger part of life for the working classes, and Music Hall was one activity that benefited from this. Drinking had always formed an element of the Music Hall entertainment, but the ruling classes had sought to control this. In 1878, London County Council restricted the consumption of liquor to the back of the halls (Sadie 1980: XII/833), also demanding that a proscenium arch and fire curtain be installed at all venues (there had been a number of fires at Music Halls). A number of smaller operators were forced to shut down, while the larger operators built up chains of venues, with Music Halls growing in size and number. In June 1888, a House of Lords debate quoted a figure of 473 Music Halls in London alone (Gillies 1999: 23). Larger halls meant that some of the intimacy of earlier venues was lost. Instead of a Chairman introducing acts and enjoying banter with the audience, venues identified performers by use of an indicator board, with each act having a number. In this environment of larger audiences, the most successful performers were able to command substantial fees, and some became internationally famous. Up to this point, Music Hall stars had been almost exclusively male, but from around 1880, women appeared regularly at Music Halls and were among the most successful Music Hall stars. Marie Lloyd is probably the best known: by 1891, she was appearing at several venues each night and earning  £100 a week. At this time, a 2-up, 2-down house in Oldham cost  £150-180 (Harris 1994: 113). In 1911, twenty years later,   only just over 2% of the population earned over  £160 in a year (Harris 1994: 107). In comparative terms, therefore, Lloyd’s earnings were on a par with a Premiership footballer today. In her early career, she infamously fell foul of performing rights by adopting ‘The Boy I Love Is Up In The Gallery’ as a key song in her repertoire, and she is still strongly associated with it. However, Nelly Power, another singer of the day, had exclusive performance rights for the song, and Lloyd was forced to stop singing it (Gillies 1999: 18 et al). At this time, exclusive association with a particular song enabled a performer to generate bookings, as nobody else was allowed to perform it. Songwriters sold a song with performing rights to a singer, and were thereafter not entitled to any further income. They relied on writing more songs on the same basis, but campaigned for further payments and the royalties system of today developed.   Pantomime was also an outlet for Music Hall stars, who would appear singing the songs for which they were most famous. This had a profound influence on the development of pantomime, with traditional characters such as Harlequin and Columbine dropped in favour of interpretations of fairy tales built around the Music Hall personalities and their repertoires. The music publishing industry had grown alongside the development of Music Halls. By the 1830s, songs such as ‘He was such a nice young man’ and ‘All round my hat’ (a folk tune) were produced for sale at Pleasure Gardens or song-and-supper rooms. The music catalogues of publishers typically included a range of material including songs, operatic arias, hymns and dances. Charles Sheard was publishing Music Hall material from around 1852 as part of its Musical Bouquet series (Gammond 1991: 410). From 1850-1900, the price of a piano dropped and some manufacturers introduced monthly payment schemes, making the instrument more accessible (Gillies 1991: 66). This helped the Music Hall songs become firmly engrained in the popular musical culture of the time. Songs had an air of respectability about them until around 1860, after which many started to display more vulgarity. This was still subtle by modern standards: Dan Leno’s trademark song ‘The Swimming Master’ (by Herbert Darnley) makes much of the need for bodily contact with the ladies being taught to swim – if they feel they’re sinking, then â€Å"To my manly chest they cling† (Davison 1971:69) – but goes no further than suggestion. Some venues decreased the classical element of their music programmes. Dickens (1879) comments that â€Å"the operatic selections which were at one time the distinguishing feature of the Oxford have of late years been discontinued†, and evidence from Music Hall programmes from this time onwards shows a focus on popular idioms. However, other Music Halls continued to offer what might be considered as more ‘highbrow’ entertainment. The Alhambra in Leicester Square specialised in ballet, and Evans’ in Covent Garden offered â€Å"songs, glees, and part songs, executed by a well-trained choir† (Anon 1867). The ballets at the Alhambra continued to at least the turn of the century and it also staged a number of operettas. Decline 1900-1920 In its early days, Music Hall had been seen as a largely lower-class entertainment. In the early 1900s, it gained respectability, with knighthoods for some of its key personalities and the first Royal Command Performance, featuring Music Hall acts, taking place in 1912 (Sadie 1980: XII/833). A number of developments led to the decline of Music Halls. In 1914, eating and drinking in the auditorium was banned (Gammond 1991: 409 et al) and Music Halls in effect became theatres. Many continued to offer seasons of variety performances, and there was still great interest in the entertainment, but it was now required to compete with new media: first the cinema, then radio. New music styles such as jazz were also gaining in popularity. Its influence is evident in some later Music Hall songs: ‘Lily of Laguna’ (1898) uses syncopation and describes an idealised world of African Americans living in the Southern States of the US. Its use of language such as ‘nigger’ and ‘coon’ would be considered offensive today, but reflects the very different attitude to race at the time (Davison 1971: 95). The song was written by the English songwriter Leslie Stuart for Eugene Stratton, an American performer who appeared regularly ‘blacked up’ : this practice was widespread within the Music Hall, and continued for many years with The Black and White Minstrels a popular TV show as late as the 1970s. By the 1940s, Music Hall had largely disappeared. Gramophones provided musical entertainment in the home. The stars of variety diversified: Gracie Fields developed firstly a film career then focused on radio broadcasts in addition to appearances in variety (Gammond 1991: 189), and George Formby appeared in a number of films as well as continuing the work of his father (also George Formby, a popular variety singer at the turn of the century) in Royal Command performances and other revues (Gammond 1991: 203). The Legacy of the Music Hall The influence of the Music Hall is still very much evident in British culture. It played a major part in the development of stand-up comedy, and the Comedy Club, which has seen a revival in recent years with chains such as Jongleurs, owes an obvious debt to the Music Hall tradition. The variety show featured regularly on TV well into the 1970s on shows such as ‘The Good Old Days’, and the annual Royal Command Performance, with a range of acts, is still televised. Pantomimes too feature many characteristics of those in the late 19th century, with TV personalities taking the roles that Music Hall celebrities enjoyed a hundred years ago. The musical styles seen in Music Hall continue to influence artists. ‘Obladi, Oblada’ (Lennon and McCartney, recorded by the Beatles 1968) features a fourline verse with sequence-based melodies and a simple refrain, with a line repeated, reminiscent of the choruses inviting audience participation in Music Hall. More recently, Blur’s ‘Parklife’ (1994) uses the concept of performer taking on a personality, with club- and concert-goers joining in with the ‘Parklife’ motif at the end of each line, much like a Music Hall audience would have joined in with choruses. Music Hall should therefore be seen not just as a cultural phenomenon in its own right, but as a development in a long history of popular song and entertainment. Bibliography Clarke, Donald (Ed) (1989) Penguin Encyclopaedia of Popular Music (Viking, London) Davison, Peter (1971) Songs of the British Music Hall (Oak Publications, New York) Dickens, Charles Jnr (1879) Dickens Dictionary of London ‘Music Halls’, reproduced on www.arthurlloyd.co.uk Frith, Simon and Marshall, Lee (2004) Music and Copyright (2nd Edition, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh) Frow, Gerald (1985) Oh Yes It Is! A History of Pantomime (BBC, London) Gillies, Midge (1999) Marie Lloyd: The One and Only (Gollancz, London) Gammond, Peter (1991) The Oxford Companion to Popular Music (Oxford University Press, Oxford) Harding, James (1990) George Robey and the Music Hall (Hodder and Stoughton, London) Harris, Jose (1994) Private Lives, Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914 (Penguin, London) Kilgariff, Michael (Compiler) (1998) Sing us One of the Old Songs: A Guide to Popular Song 1860-1920 (Oxford University Press, Oxford) Middleton, Richard (1990) Studying Popular M usic (Open University, Milton Keynes) Price, Richard (1999) British Society, 1680-1880 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) Sadie, Stanley (1980) New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians Vol. 12 pp831-834 (McMillan, London) Thompson, F M L (1988) The Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Traubner, Richard (1984) Operetta: A Theatrical History (Gollancz, London) Victorian Britain 1830-1900 (Fontana, London) Waites, Bernard, Bennett, Tony and Martin, Graham (Eds.) (1982) Popular Culture: Past and Present (Croom Helm, London, in Association with the Open University) Weightman, Gavin (2003) What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us (BBC, London) Websites www.arthurlloyd.co.uk Anon (1867) Extracts from ‘The Tomahawk, 14th and 21st September 1867   Dickens, Charles Jnr (1879) ‘Music Halls’ from Dickens’s Dictionary of London Greenwood, James (1869) The Seven Curses of London www.pepysdiary.com Pepys, Samuel (1661) Diary extract from 31st August 1661 Recordings Blur ‘Parklife’ (From the album ‘Parklife’, 1994, Food Records) The Beatles ‘Obladi, Oblada’ (From the White Album, 1968, Parlophone)

Comparing the Two Pictures of London, Illustrated by Wordsworth and Bla

Comparing the Two Pictures of London, Illustrated by Wordsworth and Blake in Their Two Poems The two poems depicting London by Wordsworth and Blake are in some ways similar and yet have many differences. Both observations of London are depicted through the poets' personal perspectives of London using individual experiences. We can tell that both poems are from the person's interpretations and experiences as they are said in the first person: 'Ne'er saw Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦' in Wordswoths' poem and: 'I wonder through each chartered streetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦' in Blakes'. Both poems are well structured and use emphatic language. 'Upon Westminster Bridge' is a Petrachran sonnet which expresses strong emotion. It depicts his joy and awe of a beautiful city that is sleeping. It comes across as very optimistic with only positive things to say. The elation is built up through the sonnet using rhyme and emphatic language '... a calm so deep!' and similes are used that portray an underlying theme 'This city now doth, like a garment, wear.' I think this is where the first look at the poem is not enough to fully grasp Wordsworth's meaning. Blake's poem at first glance is very much the opposite: it too uses emphatic language and builds up the feeling through the quatrains which allow his thoughts to progress yet the feeling and emotional outbursts are of a completely different nature. This poem seems pessimistic and has only gloom and negative points mentioned.' In every cry of every man' is different to Wordsworths' depiction of serenity, beauty and calm: 'A sight so touching in its majesty'. The River Thames is used in both poems but is illustrated differently. ... ...hat people are trapped in their social status but it is only in the mind and thoughts can be changed it isn't yet a physical state. This leaves us with optimism of change. Wordsworth although his poem is very optimistic the irony is that it is only captured in one moment. His depiction is not typical. He talks about London being this beautiful thing but he is talking form the panoramic view above it all and more than that he is talking whilst London is asleep leaving us to believe that it will be different, more like Blake's poem once London re-awakens. He talks from a moment in the revolution where ' This city now doth, like a garment, wearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦' implying it is superficial and normally the city isn't like that. So when looking deeper in to both poems there is an ironic ulterior meaning there which connect the two.

Expressions in Horror: Dr Caligari and Nosferatu Essay

Two of the earliest examples of German Expressionism in film, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu are classics remembered as some of the best horror films of all time. These two films, directed by Robert Wiene and F. W. Murnau respectively, share several key aspects in common, while still retaining their own uniqueness that has left people debating which film is paramount, even nearly a century after their releases. This paper will examine these similarities and differences, and will seek address them in light of the German Expressionist movement they each resonate. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu both tell the story of a young German man’s subjection to the madness of a dark overlord with seemingly supernatural powers. In Caligari, a young man named Cesare, who is a somnambulist (or sleep walker) is controlled by the powers of a crazy doctor, who orders him to kill innocent victims. In Nosferatu, a young man named Thomas Harker is sent to sell property to Count Dracula, a vampire who comes to haunt his life and town after becoming obsessed with Hutter’s wife, Nina. Though while these films share some key components in common, no one could ever call the two films the same. Robert Wiene’s The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is defined by the films stage-like quality, due mostly to the unique set it is shot on. An example of German Expressionism, the director creates a world of stark lines, sharp angles, darkness, and shadows bringing the viewer into a surreal world. Unnaturally angled houses line crooked cobblestone roads. Misshapen rooms contain demented furniture. Rooftops are acutely angled to the sides. It is radically warped scenery, and helps create a genuine expressionist set. F. W Murnau’s Nosferatu, however, is shot in real world environments, but employs shadows to make small rooms appear larger then life, adding suspense and a feel of supernaturalism to the movie. The Count’s castle perhaps best conveys the expressionistic form, with its gothic architecture and abundance of shadow. Or, better still, the Count himself embodies the expressionist form, with his exaggerated features. His ears, chin and teeth are all pointed, and his stature is unique, hunched and very thin of frame. His eyes, much like Wiene’s Cesare, are darkly shaded, and his nails are long giving him a distinctly monster like quality. Both films successfully impress a dark mood by exaggerating the film’s dark aesthetic, drawing viewers into the mindscape of German Expressionism. The films also share in common a sleepwalking theme, and perhaps it was just Murnau paying homage to Wiene’s Caligari. Partway through Nosferatu, Harker’s wife Nina is described as being in a sleepwalking trance, specifically calling it â€Å"somnambulistic†. In fact, the character Nina looks surprisingly similar to how the character Jane looks in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. I don’t believe it is too extreme to suggest that perhaps Marnau played off certain motifs created by Wiene in wanting to create a horror film. However, Marnau’s depiction of Count Dracula is unsettling to this day, and many still believe that it remains the most terrifying portrayal of the character ever on film, perhaps only second to the iconic Dracula played by Bela Lugosi. Murnau certainly created his own sort of horror, so it could not be suggested Nosferatu is unoriginal. The use of shadows, especially when it comes to scenes involving the Count, create a horrifying imagine on the screen. While having never seen Nosferatu before deciding to write this paper, I immediately recognized a scene towards the end of the film, when the Count ascended a staircase to Nina’s room. Perhaps one of the most iconic scenes of early horror films, you see the shadow of the Count as he makes his climb up the staircase, hunched form, long fingernails, offsetting movement and all. It is his shadow you see climbing the steps, never his actual form, which may possibly hint at a metaphor. The German Expressionist movement was born out of the anguish following the Great War and before the birth of Hilter’s Germany. Perhaps, as suggested by James Franklin in â€Å"The Shadow in Early German Cinema†, shadows acted as a sort of â€Å"visual metaphor for evil or for the dark and threatening forces that allegedly lurked in the pre-Hitler German psyche or soul† . Both films use music to add suspense to the plot, however each film approaches it’s use in separate ways. Caligari is distinctively jazzy in nature, where as Nosferatu is more classical. Both films, however, create music that mirrors and changes with the action on the screen. In Nosferatu, music creates a terrifying feel to the movie, shaping the most horrific scenes remembered from the film. There are several instances throughout the film where silence is broken by a quite sound, almost like a heartbeat in the background, yet more off putting. While I am in no position to argue which film is the better, both have come to be the best examples of horror films to come out of this time period. Classic examples of German Expressionism at work, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu play with the presence of shadow, the distortion of nature, and the imaginations of audiences, even today.

The Jungle †by Upton Sinclair

The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair Free Online Research Papers Upon first reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† I was quite disturbed to see what was going on with the meat packing industry. It was disgusting and unbelievable that there were no sanitation rules and regulations required during this time. I am glad that Sinclair was able to bring this problem to everyone’s attention. The fact that diseased animals were knowingly accepted truly disturbed me, â€Å"†¦where men welcomed tuberculosis in the cattle they were feeding, because it made them fatten more quickly.† I don’t understand how the health and well being of the consumer and the workers were not a concern. TB was a dangerous and deadly disease at that time and was not easily cured; I am sickened to know the meat industry played a role in the deaths by TB. â€Å"These rats were a nuisance and the packers would out poison they would die, and then the rats, bread and meat would go in the hoppers together.† The fact that consumers had no idea they were purchasing rat remains, rats, and poison to feed their family is ridiculous. This place was disgusting. I’m surprised more people weren’t killed from the food. The workers I think bothered me a lot, it seemed they were all diseased or sick. Who would want someone like this handling their food with no protection This is disgusting! â€Å"†¦the workers in each of them had their own peculiar disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fact the workers were all sick made no sense to me Congress should have been on top of this, con sidering the fact that these are the people handling our food. Jurgis’ experience at this time showed the American Culture to be on of a third world culture. It seemed as if we had no morals to tolerate such behavior from the meat packing industry. I am aware that it was not at first brought to the President and Congress’ attention but it should have been something that was regulated anyway. I feel Jurgis’ experience were very significant to the development of our new regulations. In Sinclair’s book he opened our eyes to the unseen world of the meat packing industry and helped develop many sanitation rules. After reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† President Roosevelt sent two agents to Chicago to investigate, and when they arrived back they confirmed Sinclair’s story. Roosevelt and Congress then created the meat inspection act of 1906. This law required federal inspection of meats and gave the agriculture department the right to enforce sanitation standards in processing plants. Along with this, the Pure Food and Drug Act was also enacted on the same day. Research Papers on The Jungle - by Upton Sinclair19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and Autumn

Cyberstalking and Internet Harassment - Then and Now

Cyberstalking and Internet Harassment - Then and Now The first federal prosecution of cyber harassment in the United State was in June 2004 when 38-year-old James Robert Murphy from Columbia, South Carolina, pleaded guilty to two counts of Use of a Telecommunications Device (the internet) with Intent to Annoy, Abuse, Threaten or Harass. According to investigators, Murphy was sending anonymous and uninvited emails to Seattle resident Joelle Ligon and to her co-workers as early as 1998. Murphy and Ligon  had dated on and off from 1984-1990. As time went on, the harassment increased and along with dozens of obscene emails each day, Murphy also began sending sexually  explicit faxes to Ligon and her co-workers. Cant Get Away When Ligon moved to different states and changed jobs, Murphy was able to track her through malware he had placed on her computers and continue his attack. For over four years Ligon tried to ignore the messages by deleting them, but Murphy began making it appear that Ligon was the one sending the sexually explicit materials to her fellow workers. Murphy also had special email programs in order to hide his identity and he created the Anti Joelle Fan Club (AJFC) and repeatedly sent threatening emails from this  alleged group. Ligon decided to start collecting the materials as evidence and went to the police who enlisted the help of the Northwest Cyber Crime Task Force, composed of the FBI, United States Secret Service, Internal Revenue Service, Seattle Police Department, and Washington State Patrol. The NWCCTF investigates Cyber-related violations including criminal computer intrusions, intellectual property theft, child pornography and internet fraud. She also managed to identify Murphy as the person harassing her and she obtained a court order barring contact. When Murphy emailed her, denying that he was harassing  her, he violated the court order. Murphy was indicted in April 2004 on 26 counts of sending harassing emails and other violations between May 2002 and April 2003. At first, Murphy pleaded innocent to all charges, but two months later and after a plea agreement was reached, he pleaded guilty to two of the violations. No Remorse From Murphy In court, Murphy told the Judge what he did was stupid, hurtful and just plain wrong. I was going through a bad patch in my life. I want to take my lumps and get on with life. In sentencing Murphy Judge Zilly noted that he was surprised that Murphy made no effort to indicate your remorse to the victim, to indicate you were sorry. The Judge noted that he had received a letter from Joelle Ligon unlike any he had ever received from a crime victim. In it Ligon asked the Judge to impose an effective and compassionate sentence. Judge Zilly decided to impose 500 hours of community service instead of the 160 hours requested by the government. Zilly also sentenced Murphy to five years of probation and more than $12,000 which was to paid to the City of Seattle to compensate the City for 160 hours of work time lost by employees dealing with the harassment. The Crime of Cyberstalking Continues to Grow It used to be that news reports such as Murphys case were an oddity, but with the increase of people managing several aspects of their lives online, both at work and in their personal lives, it has created a vulnerability that attracts criminals including cyberstalkers, webcam blackmailers and identity thieves. According to a poll released by Rad Campaign, Lincoln Park Strategies and Craig Newmark of craigconnects, a quarter of the American population has been bullied, harassed or threatened online and that number almost doubles for those under the age of 35. A third of the victims of online harassment are afraid that the situation may spill over into their real lives resulting in embarrassment and humiliation, loss of jobs, and many are scared for their lives. Reporting Online Harassment and Cyberstalking Many victims of cyberstalking do like Joelle Ligon did when Murphy first harass her, she ignored it, but as the threats grew she sought help. Today, it appears that the response by social networks and law enforcement is improving, with 61 percent of the reported cases resulting in the social networks shutting down the accounts of the offenders and 44 percent of reported cases to law enforcement resulted in an effort to track down the offender. If You Are Threatened Threats should never be ignored - report it. Keeping a record of the date and time of the threat, a screen shot, and hard copies is evidence. It not only can help authorities, social networks, ISPs and website host figure out the identity of the offender, but it also helps prove the level of the harassment which is the deciding factor on if, or if not, a complaint gets investigated.

CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION MGT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION MGT - Essay Example Consideration of cultural values of other nations forms a very strong background upon which the operations of any international business can be based which the Americans did not consider in the first instance. Basically, consumer behaviour in most cases is influenced by various factors such as perception, needs, motives and attitudes and these in most cases are either directly or indirectly influenced by the individual’s cultural background (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton and Armstrong 2007). Against this backdrop, the four main differences between the cultures in United States and France will be explored according to the various cultural dimensions propagated by Hofstede in view of Trompenaars’ study which will attempt to highlight the major differences between them for the sake of easier understanding. This analysis will as well attempt to bring to light especially three mistakes that are believed to have been made by Disney Company during its stint while at the helm of Euro Disneyland. The study will finally attempt to analyse the lessons that could have been learnt by Disney Company with regards to the aspect of the need to consider diversity in any such kind of a deal. Culture influences the attitude of the consumers which in turn influence their attitude towards something as aptly highlighted by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions which explicitly illustrate mainly four different dimensions between the cultures of United States and France (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton and Armstrong 2007). According to McShane and Travaglione, (2007), the degree to which people accept and believe that there is inequality of the distribution of power in their respective societies is referred to as power distance. Comparatively, the United States’ power distance is 40 points as shown in Table 1, which by any standard is lower at the world level (Thomas, 2003). Given a situation

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis - Essay Example this control system through the employment of two theoretical perspectives, thus demonstrating the differences between the outcomes arising from the two. For starters, Collier has identified the role of the entrepreneur as regards the social control he exercises over the employees, as a crucial factor in the control system that influences the overall operations of TNA. The success and credibility of this exercise of control on the entrepreneur’s part depends largely on the recognition of the importance of a set of beliefs and boundary systems that will decide what elements the control system will consist of as a package. A management control system essentially consists of various elements including the management accounting practices employed by a particular organization. In this regard, it is imperative to state that the control systems employed by the management are a result of evolution of various systems and beliefs over a period of many years. This is what formalizes and assists in the quantification of various information – financial and other. In doing so, the management identifies various elements of the control system that have to do with the external information relating to markets, consumers, competitors and their decision making mechanisms. This helps the management take decisions of its own. According to Collier, the organization’s control mix and the strategic choices arising out of the implementation of this mix to real time operations in the organizations are the basis of the various frameworks under which the organization’s management control system operates. While there are various frameworks for studying this management control system, Collier uses his paper to describe the 10 year old longitudinal field study of TNA through the frameworks laid down by Simons (1995) and Ferreira and Otley (2005), where both deal with formal systems based approaches as opposed to the informal, social or cultural forms of control. To begin with the

Cultural Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural - Research Paper Example We will try to develop an understanding of the impact of modes of subsistence on cultural behavior. Since cultural behavior is a vast field which is depicted in all strata’s of life which is beyond the scope of this paper so we will restrict ourselves to just three aspects. Basseri Basseri are the nomadic Muslim tribe of Iran who inhabit the province of Fars and migrate along the mountain near the town of Shiraz. The Basseri is a group defined by political rather than geographical or ethnic criteria. Their population estimated in late 1950’s was 16,000. More recent estimates were not published. In this paper we will focus on the traditional Basseri culture which still exists. (Khanam, 2005) The language spoken by Basseri is a dialect of Farsi. Although majority can only speak Basseri dialect but a few can also speak Turkish or Arabic. Most of the population settled in southern Iran claim ancestral link with Basseri. The other nomadic groups are Yazd-e-Khast, the Bugard- Basseri, and Basseri who inhabit the east of Iran, Semnan. All of them are believed to be connected with the traditional Basseri of Fars. In the mid- nineteenth century Khamseh confederacy was formed and the Basseri were part of it. As with the passage of time Basseri grew in importance within the confederacy it resulted in the diminishing power and importance of the confederacy as a political and social unit. The habitat of the Basseri is hot and acrid climate of the Persian Gulf. They traditionally inhabit a large ecological range of 18,000 to 21,000 square kilometers. In the southern section there is a desert of about 600-900 kilometers whereas north has high mountains. Mountain precipitation supports reasonable vegetation and even foresting. Primary Mode of Subsistence Different modes of subsistence are developed in the same way in all human societies. According to Miller the similarities of wants and the faculties through which these wants are supplied has actually made this pr ogression quite uniform throughout the world. Based on this notion and supported by the fact Scot developed stadial theories of progress and social change. Modes of subsistence are the primary concern of any society. It shapes social institution and human activity. (Smith, 2006)According to Smith based on the reaction to subsistence societies can be divided into four categories. Smith’s four stages are age of Hunters, age of Sheppard, age of Agriculture, age of Commerce. These four stages are viewed as a general schema of social development of all societies. Thus each stage depicts its own set of moral and social behaviors which are in consistency with the physical conditions and security of subsistence. Basic human relations are dependent on modes of subsistence. The concept of subordination, kinship, social, economic and political environment, position of women, parent-child relationship everything changes in the light of modes of subsistence. Each stage has a different dom inant mode of subsistence but each stage also absorbs the stage before. He argues that specifically for this reason in this age of commerce hunting, husbandry and agriculture also exists. Hence the relationship between primary modes of subsistence and its impact on social, political, economic environment, kinship etc is established.

Classic knitwear Essay Example for Free

Classic knitwear Essay INTRODUCTION Classic Knitwear was established in 1995 as a manufacturer and distributor of unbranded casual knit apparel it was operated by Brandon Miller- Chief Marketing Officer, Robert Ortiz-CEO and Sandra Chong-CFO. Classic operated in the category of non-fashion casual knitwear, all the revenues were earned on U.S. sales. Seventy five percent of classic revenues were by screen-print channels (customized t-shirts and other knitwear with logos of everything from rock bands to small businesses to tourist destinations), the other twenty five percent was sold through mass retail channel as a private-label merchandise. By late 2005, Millers marketing team began researching a number of proposed product innovations. In February 2006 they landed on an interesting prospect: knitwear treated chemically to repel insects. After this the team set out to analyze the viability of a new national brand of high-quality mens and boys insect-repellent shirts. The opportunity arose to negotiate a licensing partnership with Guardian, a manufacturer of insect repellents that offered odorless protection against mosquitoes, ticks, flies and no-see ums. The potential alliance would allow Classic to use the Guardian name on a line of insect repellent shirts. PRODUCT-COMPANY FIT Guardian Brand had a patented insect-repellant clothing technology. And the product was very innovative, this gives them a good market potential. The opportunity of the market potential combined with the production efficiency of the company, could make a sustainable competitive advantage They had a cost advantage over the other US producers because of the high-volume and low SKU (stock keeping unit) production runs. With the new Repellent knitwear the SKU will have 16 and they probably had to deal with inefficiency problems on the production. PRODUCT-MARKET FIT Classic operated in the category if non-fashion casual knitwear which represented $24.5 billion. From the total of the non-fashion casual knitwear marketing, T-shirts represented a fifty third percent. Due to its focus on the screen-print sector Classic invested more heavily in t-shirts than in the overall industry. The direct competitors of Classic were little-known firms like BB Activewear and The Big Tree. Also had competitors for private label business, JamesBrands was the leader, followed by FlowerKnit and Greenville Corporations TopTops Division, this three firms operated on gross margin of 30 40% RESPONSE OF THE TRADE AND CONSUMERS The retailers were provided with 50% margin on branded knitwear and 40% margin on private label knitwear with the new product will provide 45% margin. The company has a projection on sales for 10,000 displays in the next two years after the product is first offered to the market, they decided to put 50% in discount stores, 25% in general merchandise stores and 25% in sporting goods and apparel clothes. They need to invest a considerable  amount of money in resources to help them develop the channel, because they had no experience in those retail channels. They had made a research with an online survey they send one thousand e-mail invitations to the people from the website Consumer.com to answer the survey and they got one hundred and eighty five respondents. And based on the results 60% of the respondents who indicated they would definitely try the product, would do so within the two-year introduction period. Also the company predicted that at least 50% would buy an additional shirt the following year. MARKETING PROGRAM They decided not to include the name of Classic Knitwear on the product; it will be called Guardian Apparel. Also they havent done an extensive market research, they are just based on the survey, and probably the numbers wont be fully reliable for making big decisions. LICENSE AGREEMENT The agreement forced Classic Guardian to meet a series of steadily rising annual net sales target over the first four years, and the target fir year four must be met in each subsequent year. If they failed to meet the requirements the license would be cancelled. There are weaknesses in the branding of the product one of the most relevant is that only guardian logo is being used on the product, this might create problems for Classic if there is any conflict between the companies in the future. The determined marketing investment has been reduced to $3 million from the initial of $8-$10 million.

Race and the Zone System Controversy :: Free Essays Online

Race and the Zone System Controversy You get in the cab; you are white and well dressed showing your social status. The cab driver is friendly and takes you directly to your destination. The little map in the backseat of the cab tells you the cost of your trip; however since you, like most people, never even read it, the cabbie tells you the price, and you go ahead and pay without question. You are a resident of the District and have gone the same route many times and for some reason the price varies occasionally. You only traveled through one zone from your upper-middle class neighborhood of Foggy Bottom to Capital Hill where you go about your busy life. For you the zone system of taxicab fares is no big deal. You have the money to pay for each ride and a cab driver will always pick you up. A change to the metered system would only be a slight adjustment to your daily routine. However, other residents of the District would be greatly affected by a change to the metered system. Would a change in the zone syste m benefit the upper class, the tourists, the drivers or the lower income residents of DC? Is the city watching out for its lower income black residents? Will changing from a zone system to a metered payment system segregate Washington, DC even more than it is today? The zone system that is used today has been in effect since the Great Depression and has changed very little since then. With the zone system, passengers pay according to the number of zones they pass though with all of Downtown, the Mall and Capital Hill encompassing one zone. DC is the only major city that still utilizes this zone system; there are only a handful of areas that continue to use the system and all are smaller towns without the tourism that DC has. Hanbury president and CEO of the Washington Convention and Tourism Corporation stated that the, â€Å" hospitality industry, which employs more than 260,000 individuals in the Washington area pumps fourteen billion annually into our economy† (Hanbury). Having the second largest taxi industry in the country supports the substantial tourism in DC; the taxi fleet is second only to New York City, with a fleet of over 6000 cabs and 8000 drivers.